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- Un-Victorian Tenets of Browning in Karshish
- BrowningÆs Karshish
-
- Robert BrowningÆs ôAn Epistle Containing the Strange Medical Experience of Karshish,
- the Arab Physicianö is a dramatic monologue in which Karshish writes to Abib about his
- experiencing the miracle of Jesus, when he raises Lazarus from the dead. ôKarshishö is a dramatic
- monologue containing most of the tenets of Browning.
- Although ôKarshishö is in the form of a letter, it is still an excellent example of a dramatic
- monologue. There is a speaker, Karshish, who is not the poet. There is a silent audience, Abib
- the reader of the letter. There is a mental exchange between the speaker and the audience:
- Karshish writes as if Abib were right in front of him listening to everything. This can be seen in
- the hang between ôhere I endö and ôyet stay;ö it is as if Abib were getting up to leave (61-2).
- There is a distinct critical moment, when Karshish decides to write about his original concern:
- ôYet stay. . . I half resolve to tell thee, yet I blush/ What set me off a-writing first of allö (62,
- 65-6). ôKarshishö has all the basics to a dramatic monologue.
- It also contains a character study in which the speaker speaks from an extraordinary
- perspective. Karshish is a humble doctor from one of the most civilized nations of the time, he
- has seen most of the civilized world, and he is still amazed by the miracle that he witnessed. His
- amazement after having seen many great things in the world proves to the audience that this event
- was indeed spectacular and significant. In the non-Christian world, the most common response is
- to doubt and to reject, but because of the conviction of the speaker the audience believe that the
- miracle did happen. This contrast between doubt and believe creates the dramatic tension of the
- work. Thus, ôKarshishö contains the character study and dramatic tension which make the work a
- dramatic monologue.
- ôKarshishö contains many of the tenets of Browning. One of first tenets noticed is the idea
- that physical success in this life does not correspond to success in the next. This can be seen in
- the peaceful ôcarelessnessö seen in Lazarus after being raised from the dead despite the
- knowledge of the Roman troops coming to conquer his people, the Jews. Another obvious tenet
- is the belief that feeling is superior to reason:
- Browning also shows that power, glory, and pride are insignificant in comparison with love,
- because love is for ôboth old and young, able and weak, affects the very brutes and birdsö (227-
- 9). Another tenet of Browning is the intuitive belief in Christianity and that sufferings are for the
- education of the soul. This is present in Karshish in that he suffers much but does expound upon
- them because he accepts them as the education of his soul:
- I have shed sweat enough, left flesh and bone
- on many a flinty furlong of this land.
- àTwice have the robbers stripped and beaten me
- and once in town declared me for a spy
- But at the end, I reach Jerusalem. (24-34)
- This also contains the tenet: need of perseverance. This shown in his willingness to undergo all of
- these pains for his final goal. Browning portrayed a sense of infinite moment in which life is
- measured by the intensity of oneÆs existence. This is seen in the way that Karshish admires
- LazarusÆs composure after being raised from the dead:
- Whence has the man the balm that brightens all?
- This grown man eyes the world now like a child. (116-7)
- Despite how Karshish is ôcurious in GodÆs handiwork,ö truth is difficult to obtain because of its
- elusive nature. TruthÆs elusiveness is seen in KarshishÆs inability to determine scientifically what
- happened in the miracle brought about by Jesus. In turn, KarshishÆs inability causes him
- frustration:
- æTis but a case of maniaùsubinduced
- by epilepsy, at the turning-point
- of trance prolonged unduly some three days:
- When, by the exhibition of some drug
- Or spell, excorization, stroke of art
- Unknown to me and which ætwere well to know,
- The evil thing out-breaking all at once. (79-84)
- Many of BrowningÆs poems create a sense of obscurity. This sense is caused and
- developed through many methods. One such method is using allusions which require vast
- knowledge to recognize: ôAlso, the country-side is all on fire with rumors of a marching
- hitherward: Some say Vespasian cometh, some his sonö (26-8). Abrupt transitions are also used
- to create obscurity: in lines 24-34, Karshish jumps from his sufferings to rumors of war to his
- sufferings which are totally unrelated ideas because he will not be involved in the war. Obscurity
- is also established by attempting to reflect the movement of the mind through abnormally involved
- or elliptical syntax. One such example:
- The reason whyùôÆtis but a word,ö objectù
- ôA gestureöùhe regards the as our lord. (166-7)
- Obscurity is created in BrowningÆs poetry using allusions, abrupt transitions, and abnormal
- involved syntax.
- Another tenet of Browning is to have a colloquial, discordant, dramatic style. Browning
- creates this style using several techniques. On such technique is prolepsis, or the anticipation of
- the audienceÆs thoughts by the speaker: ôÆsuch cases are diurnal,Æ thou wilt cryö (102).
- Browning also uses aposipesis when Karshish keeps wanting to talk about Lazarus but stopping
- short, because he unsure of its reality. ôKarshishö also contains enjambment and shifting caesurae
- throughout the work. Browning constantly uses parenthetical qualifiers such as ô(in fact they
- barried him)ö (98).
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